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Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Agent Essay Discussion Paper
Question
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 75%
Step 1/2
The correct answer is B. 50%.
EXPLANATION
Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy agent that targets PD-L1 expression positivity, and the threshold for its use may vary depending on the cancer type and stage. However, for certain types of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, Pembrolizumab is indicated for patients whose tumors have a PD-L1 expression positivity of 50% or greater. Therefore, the correct answer is B. 50%.
Step 2/2
Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) pathway by binding to the PD-1 receptor and blocking its interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, and its interaction with PD-1 on T cells can suppress the immune response to the tumor. By blocking this interaction, Pembrolizumab can help activate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
The use of Pembrolizumab is primarily based on the expression of PD-L1 in the tumor tissue. The level of PD-L1 expression is typically reported as the percentage of tumor cells with staining for PD-L1 on immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The threshold for PD-L1 expression positivity may vary depending on the cancer type and stage, as well as the specific diagnostic test used for PD-L1 assessment Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Agent Essay Discussion Paper
EXPLANATION
For example, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have not received prior systemic therapy and have PD-L1 expression on at least 50% of tumor cells, Pembrolizumab is approved as a first-line treatment. Similarly, for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who are not eligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy and have PD-L1 expression on at least 10% of tumor cells, Pembrolizumab is approved as a first-line treatment. In contrast, for patients with melanoma, Pembrolizumab is approved regardless of the level of PD-L1 expression.
The use of Pembrolizumab is generally well-tolerated, with the most common side effects being fatigue, rash, and diarrhea. However, like all immunotherapies, it can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that affect various organs and systems, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and endocrine glands. The management of irAEs usually involves the temporary or permanent discontinuation of Pembrolizumab and the administration of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids.
Final answer
Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy agent that targets the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and has shown efficacy in various types of cancer.
The correct answer is B. 50%
The decision to use Pembrolizumab depends on the level of PD-L1 expression in the tumor tissue and other clinical factors. While it has the potential to activate the immune system against cancer, it can also cause immune-related adverse events that require close monitoring and management Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Agent Essay Discussion Paper
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